The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
Copyright © 2001-2013 The IEEE and The Open Group

> Copyright © 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. and The Open Group
> All rights reserved.

> Published 19 April 2013 by the IEEE and The Open Group.

> No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permission to reproduce all or any part of this standard must be with the consent of both copyright holders and may be subject to a license fee. Both copyright holders will need to be satisfied that the other has granted permission. Requests should be sent by email to austin-group-permissions@opengroup.org.

> This standard has been prepared by the Austin Group. Feedback relating to the material contained within this standard may be submitted by using the Austin Group web site at www.opengroup.org/austin/defectform.html.

> Copyrights

> This document is copyrighted by the IEEE and The Open Group. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE and The Open Group do not waive any rights in copyright to this document.

> The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
> 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA

> The Open Group
> Apex Plaza, Forbury Road, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 1AX, U.K.

UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.
POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.