The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
Copyright © 2001-2013 The IEEE and The Open Group

#### NAME

> toupper, toupper_l - transliterate lowercase characters to uppercase

#### SYNOPSIS

> ``#include <ctype.h>
> int toupper(int` c`);
> ``

> ``[CX] int toupper_l(int` c`, locale_t` locale`);``
> `
> `

#### DESCRIPTION

> For toupper(): [CX] The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of POSIX.1-2008 defers to the ISO C standard.

> The toupper() [CX] and toupper_l() functions have as a domain a type int, the value of which is representable as an unsigned char or the value of EOF. If the argument has any other value, the behavior is undefined.

> If the argument of toupper() [CX] or toupper_l() represents a lowercase letter, and there exists a corresponding uppercase letter as defined by character type information in the current locale [CX] or in the locale represented by locale, respectively (category LC_CTYPE), the result shall be the corresponding uppercase letter.

> All other arguments in the domain are returned unchanged.

> [CX] The behavior is undefined if the locale argument to toupper_l() is the special locale object LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE or is not a valid locale object handle.

#### RETURN VALUE

> Upon successful completion, toupper() [CX] and toupper_l() shall return the uppercase letter corresponding to the argument passed; otherwise, they shall return the argument unchanged.

#### ERRORS

> No errors are defined.

The following sections are informative.

#### EXAMPLES

> None.

#### APPLICATION USAGE

> None.

#### RATIONALE

> None.

#### FUTURE DIRECTIONS

> None.

#### SEE ALSO

> setlocale, uselocale

> XBD Locale, <ctype.h>, <locale.h>

#### CHANGE HISTORY

> First released in Issue 1. Derived from Issue 1 of the SVID.

#### Issue 6

> Extensions beyond the ISO C standard are marked.

#### Issue 7

> SD5-XSH-ERN-181 is applied, clarifying the RETURN VALUE section.

> The toupper_l() function is added from The Open Group Technical Standard, 2006, Extended API Set Part 4.

> POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XSH/TC1-2008/0673 [283] and XSH/TC1-2008/0674 [283] are applied.

End of informative text.

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